Hanji Craft refers to the technology of making tools or crafts necessary for daily life using Hanji as an ingredient, and it is also called paper craft, fingerprint craft, and paper craft.
It is a common view that paper was made and used in Korea as the Three Kingdoms Period, when Buddhist scriptures and books for recording history began to be published along with the tradition of Buddhism. However, it is difficult to trace the history of Korean paper crafts because only a small number of existing paper artifacts exist.
The process of peeling off the bark of the mulberry tree and mixing it with the mulberry grass to make paper is generally Hanji craft, but here, Hanji craft refers to a craft technique that uses Korean paper that has already been made or transforms the shape of Korean paper to make objects.
Hanji Craft began with the idea of recycling used paper and is closely related to the spread of paper. Until the growth of the private paper industry in the late Joseon Dynasty, the use of paper was not common in the private sector. In addition, Korean paper has a disadvantage of weak durability due to its vulnerability to water, moisture, and insect damage, so most of the artifacts that remain to this day were made in the late Joseon Dynasty. And household utensils used in the private sector are not often left for a long time because they are made and used again when it gets old.
Hanji Crafts uses Korean paper that has already been made, but it is also referred to as making properties by transforming the shape of Korean paper. Ji-seung Crafts 紙繩工藝 can be classified into Ji-ho Crafts 紙糊工藝, which is made by twisting Korean paper with strings, ji-gong Crafts 紙裝工藝, which superimposes Korean paper or cuts patterns to decorate, and Ji-ho Crafts 紙糊工藝, which forms a skeleton by mixing Korean paper with glue.
The technique of ultra-high craftsmanship was derived from the weaving of the stems of plants such as grass and straw, which can be easily obtained from nature. The technique of jiseung craft, in which paper is cut and twisted into strings, differs only in material but is not much different from that of ultra-high craft. Therefore, the objects made of jiseung are very similar to the types of ultra-high craft. Rather, the jiseung has the advantage of being free to process curves and express elaborate patterns by utilizing the soft characteristics of the mulberry fiber.
The basic stage of jiseung craft is the technology to cut paper and change its shape into a string. Techniques used in jiseung craft include twisting, weaving, knotting, braiding, and winding. It is a technique for twisting the string into a single line by rubbing paper with fingers. Weaving is a technique for tying multiple strands of string together or misaligned. Knotting is a technique for tying several strands of string together. In addition, braid is a technique for making two or more strings misaligned to make them into one strand, and winding is a technique for wrapping other objects with the string.
Main life such as furniture, bedding, stationery, etc., living equipment such as seed netting, dietary life such as Ji Seung-ho's disease, and medical equipment such as Ji Seung-mi's disease are made of living equipment such as living equipment. As a product of experience and wisdom acquired naturally in life, Ji Seung-mi's craft has established itself as a field of life craft. Ji Seung-gi can be said to be a recycled craft that uses the remaining pieces of paper, paper that has practiced writing, old books, and bibliography.
Jijang crafts are craft techniques that make skeletons of wood, bamboo, sari, thick laminates, etc., or attach Korean paper to decorate them on objects that have already been made and used. It is called a paper-making 色紙工藝, five-color battery-making 色剪紙工藝, or a paper-making 剪紙工藝 in the sense that they use colored paper to give patterns with scissors. However, all of them have a common point of decorating objects with Korean paper, so I will explain it in a unified manner with paper-making techniques.
It is not easy to find the historical origin of the paper-based 紙裝, which means decorating with paper. The origin of paper-based paper cannot be found in the records of paper-based paper, but paper-based crafts can be mainly found in home and Sarangbang furniture in the late Joseon Dynasty.
Jisang Craft can be divided into two types: using wood as a frame or using cardboard 厚板紙 as the basic frame after thick paper distribution. The inside and outside of the object are hardened by applying priming it with Korean paper, and then attaching colored paper or cutting patterns to decorate it. Finally, vegetable oil such as pine oil, walnut oil, perilla oil, camellia oil, and soybean oil is applied to increase durability. Sometimes it is finished with raw paint. Color paper used in jisangcraft is made with vegetable dyes extracted from paper, moss flower, yellow flower, ginkgo flower, azalea, and galley.
The mainstream of Chinese handicrafts is colored, rings, rings, furniture, and stationery. It was preferred by women because it was possible to express various patterns by cutting the soft texture and color paper unique to Korean paper, and it can be seen mainly in the master bedroom and the Sarangbang furniture.
In jangji crafts, the technique of cutting and patterning Korean paper, applying thick paperboard, drawing and decorating letters or pictures with ink, and attaching them to the surface of an object were used. Depending on the method of expressing the pattern, it can be divided into an embossing technique, an intaglio technique, and an intaglio technique. By overlapping Korean paper on the pattern, intaglio technology was expressed due to the effect of uneven 凹凸. The intaglio technique is a technique applied to the object itself and a technique that contrasts the background color with different colors by cutting out the pattern.
Jiho craft begins in the process of making paper porridge by soaking Korean paper in water with sticky rice paste. The most common Jiho technique is to form a skeleton by attaching paper porridge to the object to be made. Another method is to form a skeleton by continuously adding Korean paper to the object to be molded. In Jiho craft, the process of making materials is very important. First, collect paper mullet, put it in lye, and boil it. To remove the lye, rinse it sufficiently in clear water, remove moisture, and tear it into small pieces. Next, mix it with glutinous rice or wheat paste and put it in a mortar to make paper porridge. The skeleton is formed by attaching it to the outside of the object to be molded. Separating the underlying property and the skeleton molded with paper porridge. To prevent distortion of the skeleton, apply hemp cloth and apply paper porridge again to complete the deformity. Color paper is cut here, put a pattern on it, color it using a dye, and then add beans or paint it with vegetable oil to finish.
Jiho crafts usually appear in household items such as bowls, box, and box, and the Jiho technique was also used in some masks used for mask dance. Jiho Craft is a recycled craft, and the texture of Korean paper is naturally revealed on the surface of the property, making it feel crude and simple.
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