Iranian culture, with its thousands of years of history, is one of the richest and most diverse cultures in the world. This culture has been transmitted and preserved over many centuries through literature, art, architecture, and especially ritual and traditional performances. Ritual and traditional performances such as Ta’zieh, Naghali, Shahnameh Khani, Parde Khani, Kossa Galin, and Takam Khani are not only tools for entertainment, energy release, and expression of feelings, but also serve as means of conveying our values, beliefs, and national identity. These performances have always held a special place in Iranian history and culture, and they continue to transmit cultural and social values to future generations, serving as a bridge between the past and the present.
Traditional ritual performances not only preserve historical and mythological events but also help convey past experiences and philosophical concepts of life and ethics. These performances are particularly important in strengthening national and s ocial spirit by creating a shared space for social solidarity and representing cultural identity They also serve as narrators of Iran's history and myths, acting as a living medium. By retelling national , epic and folklore stories, these shows help the audiences to get acquainted with their historical and religious past through attractive and dynamic art and keep it in their minds and help people by presenting manifestations of the life and customs of the past
By retelling national, epic, and folklore stories, these performances help audiences become acquainted with their historical and religious past through engaging and dynamic art. They preserve this heritage in people's minds and offer insights into the life and customs of the past. They also help people better understand their cultural identity and take pride in it. These performances provide a suitable platform for showcasing Iranian arts, such as traditional music, drama, and literature. In this way, younger generations become familiar with various local arts and artistic techniques, fostering an interest in preserving and promoting this cultural heritage. In today’s modern and globalized world, ritual and traditional performances serve as effective tools against cultural diffusion by strengthening cultural identity and raising awareness of Iran's rich heritage.
Akbar Karimi, an international reporter (left), interviews Shahpar Misaqfar (right) about her extensive contributions to the arts, highlighting her work as both an actor and a poet, as well as her successful endeavors in television.
These performances help people resist the negative effects of foreign cultures and preserve their cultural values by using familiar stories and symbols. They convey complex social, moral, and religious concepts in a simple and understandable way. As one of the most valuable aspects of Iranian culture, they play a vital role in preserving and transmitting the intangible cultural heritage of the region. Ritual and traditional performances are not only a part of Iran's past history and culture but also a living, dynamic element in shaping the present and future national and cultural identity of the region
Therefore, supporting and promoting such performances is not only a cultural task but also a social and national necessity that should be valued and appreciated by the custodians of the region's culture In this conversation, I would like to mention the religion of "Chomchah Galin" or "Chomchah Khatoon," which is specific to the region of Azerbaijan and the city of Zanjan. As you know, Chomchah Khatoon is one of the ritualistic and traditional performances of the Azerbaijan region in Iran, and it is a ritual for asking for rain. Water and rain have played a vital role in human life since ancient times. From early agricultural societies to today’s modern cities, water supply has always been a major challenge for humanity.
Drought and lack of water not only affect livelihoods and agriculture but also disrupt people's mental and psychological well-being. In the meantime, the need for rain and the act of praying for its arrival have become cultural and religious symbols in various parts of the world, including Iran. In Iran, prayers for rain are conducted in various forms and under different names across different regions. One of the most intriguing and enduring rituals is the Chomchah Galin ceremony, which is particularly popular in the northern region of Iran, Azerbaijan. This ritual not only reflects people's hopes and desires for rain but also manifests their cultural richness and deep beliefs about the forces of nature and creation.
Chomchah means a large wooden spoon in the Azerbaijani language, and Chomchah Galin or Chomchah khatoon are elements of rain-seeking rituals prevalent in the agricultural communities of Azerbaijan. The roots of this performance date back to the pre-Islamic era, and signs of Zoroastrianism and other ancient Iranian beliefs can be seen in it. In fact, Chomchah Galin is a doll made from a large wooden spoon or ladle. The women of the village cover it with colorful clothes and local ornaments.
Chomchah Galin is usually performed in a spring affected by drought. Specifically, if it does not rain from the beginning of April to the second half of May, the ritual involves an elderly and trusted person holding the doll and performing rhythmic movements, stomping, and chanting. Together with local women and girls, they sprinkle water while reciting special poems to invoke rain. They sing special songs for the ceremony together, and the participants hold two stones decorated with cloth, striking them together to create rhythm, music, and a unique excitement for the ritual.The poems sung during this performance are dedicated to God to request rain and reflect the people’s hope and need for precipitation.
Chomchah Galin reflects the ancient beliefs and morals of the Azerbaijani people, rooted in history and myths. This ritual represents the spirit of Anahita, the goddess of water and rain in Iranian mythology, highlighting the deep bond between humans and nature a bond that has been expressed in various ways throughout history. The role of women in this ritual is very prominent. As the primary guardians and performers, women are responsible for nearly the entire execution of the ceremony and for praying for rain. This highlights the special place women hold in local rituals and their importance in the agricultural culture of northern and northwestern Iran.
Music, an integral part of the Chomchah Galin performance, includes special songs and prayers inherited from past generations. These are performed with unique melodies and tones, accompanied by local instruments such as the “Qopoz “and “Qaval “. The Chomchah Galin is a symbol of the profound and spiritual connection between humans and nature. Through a combination of display and invocation, it represents the local people's beliefs in the face of drought and their need for rain. Preserving and revitalizing this ritual is significant not only as a part of intangible cultural heritage but also as a sign of respect and solidarity between humanity and nature. In conclusion, I extend my gratitude and hope that those who work in preserving and promoting intangible cultural heritage, as well as spreading these beauties, remain always successful and in good health.
Photo of Shahpar Misaqfar immersed in her writing. She is also well known for her family's active engagement in cultural and artistic activities, showcasing their collective efforts to preserve and promote intangible heritage.
Shahpar Misaqfar is a talented poet and actor who began his artistic career in 1997 with television and theater acting, later venturing into the realm of poetry and literature. His years of dedication and work in the arts have resulted in several published poetry collections, as well as television series and plays performed on stage over the years. She was born in Tehran and currently resides in Zanjan. For many years, his wife and three children have been actively involved in cultural and artistic endeavors, working diligently to preserve and promote intangible heritage.
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This article was contributed by Mr. Akbar Karimi, the international reporter for Arirang Culture Connect and the Founder and Managing Director of the Samte Ganjineye Ghoghnoos Cultural-Artistic Institute in Iran. His leadership in preserving and promoting Iranian intangible cultural heritage, along with his extensive experience in cultural research and performing arts, and his active participation in international forums such as UNESCO and ICCN, enriches his contributions to the global cultural dialogue.
Translated by Mrs. Farnaz Seydi, the director of international relations of Samt Ganjineh Ghoghnoos Institute.
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